Pre – Oviposition Efficacy of Slow Release Pelletized Edible Essential Oils on Cowpea Seed Bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Infesting Some Grain Legumes
NJE Vol. 41: 108-124, 2025
DOI.10.36108/NJE/5202/14.0180
Folorunso A. Ajayi1,2, Ismaila Jibrin1, 1Isaac M. Ogara, Anayo C. Etonihu3, Olobayo O. Kunle4, Shehu A. Rahman2, Eunice A. Adgidzi1, Kafayat O. Ajelara5, S. O. Okunade6, Akindele O. Ogunfunmilayo7 and James Y. Oyeniyi8
1Faculty of Agriculture, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, P.M.B. 135, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
2Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University of Lafia, P.M.B. 146. Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
3Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, Keffi,
Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
4National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Development, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria.
5Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria.
6Nigeria Stored Product Research Institute, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
7Nigeria Agricultural Quarantine Service, Abuja Office, Nigeria.
8Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
Abstract
The legumes are the world major substitute for meat protein. In storage, these grains are heavily infested by the cowpea seed bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) thus reducing quality and quantity. The control of this pest relies mostly on the use of synthetic insecticides that are not human and environmental friendly. This study evaluates the use of insecticidal efficacy of three slow release pelletized edible essential oils (SRPEEOs) extracted from clove, Syzygium aromaticum (L.), West African Black pepper (WABP) (Piper guineense Schumm et Thonn.) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale (Rosecoe) on the bean bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus infesting some legumes infesting some legumes (cowpea, Lima bean, soya bean, Bambara nut and pigeon pea). The research was carried out under ambient laboratory conditions (27oC±2 and RH70%) in the Agronomy Laboratory of Faculty of Agriculture (Shabu-Lafia Campus), Nasarawa State University, Keffi. Evaluation of the SRPEEOs on legume varieties on biological determination of treatments applied as before infestation (TBI) tests. All the treatments were replicated three times and the experiments were laid out in complete randomized block design. Data analyses were carried out using Statistix 10 analytical package in a two-way factorial analysis. All data were transformed before analyses. The use of the three SRPEEPs at the rates of I.0 g/5 g seed significantly (P≤0.05) inhibit oviposition and prevents emergence of bruchids in all the legume varieties tested at TB1. The three SRPEEOs were very effective to confer protection on the legume varieties against infestation by the bruchid and can also serve as an alternative to synthetic pesticides when used at the rate of 1 g/5 g (100 g/50 kg bag) to repel colonization of legumes by the cowpea seed bruchid.
Keywords: pre-oviposition, legumes, slow release pelletized edible essential oils, cowpea seed bruchid.