Chemical Compositions and Adulticidal Efficacy of Some Animal Femurs oil Extracts Against the Rice Weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. [Coleoptera: Curculionidae] infesting Paddy rice under Storage Condition in Akure, Nigeria
NJE Vol. 41: 45-62, 2025
DOI.10.36108/NJE/5202/14.0140
Kayode David Ileke*, Ayomide Anuoluwapo Ojomo and Isaac Omotayo Olabimi
Department of Biology, School Life of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
Abstract
The chemical compounds and the insecticidal properties of ethanolic oil extracts from pig (Sus scrofa), cattle (Bos taurus), and chicken (Gallus gallus) femur bones against the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae infesting paddy rice were investigated. GC-MS analysis of the extracts revealed several bioactive compounds, with the pig bone extract containing the highest number of compounds (16). All extracts demonstrated significant insecticidal activity, with the pig bone extract showing the highest efficacy (LC50 of 0.6 ml after 24 hours). At 0.6 ml concentration, all extracts caused 100% mortality within 72 hours. At concentrations ≥0.4 ml, all extracts completely prevented adult emergence, seed damage, and seed weight loss. The pig bone extract completely prevented adult emergence at all tested concentrations. In contrast, untreated controls showed 57.33% adult emergence and 6.39% seed damage. The extracts’ effectiveness increased with dosage and exposure time, with LC50 values decreasing over time for all extracts. The study showed that these animal bone extracts, particularly from pigs, offer promising, environmentally-friendly alternatives for controlling S. oryzae in stored paddy rice, potentially benefiting resource-poor farmers. Further research is recommended to explore their efficacy against other stored product pests.
Keywords: Sitophilus oryzae, Animal bone extracts, Biopesticides, Stored grain protection, Insecticidal activity, Ethanolic extracts