DETECTION OF INSECTICIDE RESIDUES IN COWPEA AT BAKORI INTERNATIONAL MARKETS, BAKORI LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN KATSINA STATE OF NIGERIA
NJE Vol. 41(2): 145-153, 2025
DOI.10.36108/NJE/5202/14.0211
1Malik, U., 2Bamaiyi, L. J., 2Musa, N., 3Yilleng, M. T., 1Ahmed, A. I. and 2Usman, M. S.
1Pest Management Technology Programme, Samaru College of Agriculture, Division of Agricultural Colleges, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
2Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
3National Board for Technical Education, Kaduna
Abstract
One kilogram of cowpea sample was collected randomly in Bakori International Market in Katsina State from ten (10) market sellers. Fifty grams (50 g) of the sample were extracted (chopped) from the collected sample, macerated in a blender, dipped in 150 mL of acetone, and the sample was kept overnight until 100 grams (100 g) of powder had been formed. The isolated materials were filtered through anhydrous sodium sulfate. The resulting extracts were evaporated to nearly dryness in a rotary evaporator at a temperature of 26 to 28 degrees Celsius at the Multi User Laboratory at Ahmadu Bello University in Zaria. The residues were redissolved in two milliliters of acetone and chilled for further analysis using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The National Research Institute for Chemical Technology (NARICT) GC machine (Shimadzu GC-MS with universal detector (QP 2010 plus)) column RTX, 30 m x 0.25 mm/d, with 0.25 um film thickness (5% diphenyl, 95% dimethyl polysitoxane), was then filled with 1 ul of each sample. Sixteen compounds of the insecticide residue corresponding to the insecticide standards were detected in cowpea. However, among the pesticide residues detected, dichlorvos had the highest residual quantity as compared to EU MRLs in cowpea within the study area. This might be as a result of illiteracy, poor handling of pesticide and dosage rate. Therefore, in order to reduce insecticide residues within the EU MRLS, enhance consumer safety and raise our grains’ market worth internationally, the federal government must urgently train extension agents and farmers on pesticide storage, dose, and application timing.
Keywords: Cowpea, Extract, Pesticide Residue, Diclorvos