Varietal Resistance of Maize to Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and its Management with Petiveria alliacea L. Extract
NJE Vol. 42(1) : 68-84, 2026
DOI.10.36108/NJE/6202/24.0160
Akinlolu AKINTOLA1, Olufisayo IBITOYE2, Emmanuel YEYE3, Mobolade AKINBULUMA1, 4
- Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, P.M.B 4078, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Durable Crop Research Department, Nigerian Stored Product Research Institute (NSPRI), Ibadan Zonal Office, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Abstract
Prostephanus truncatus is a major maize pest in Africa, typically managed with synthetic insecticides and fumigants, but their use has been widely criticized. Therefore, screening for maize varietal resistance and use of botanical were investigated to proffer alternatives in the management of P. truncatus. Nine maize varieties were evaluated for resistance to P. truncatus in the laboratory. Number of emerged P. truncatus, median development time, susceptibility index, and grain weight loss were assessed. Grains morphological characteristics: length, weight, width of grains, and proximate composition: Moisture, percentage Ash, Fat, Carbohydrate, Protein, Fibre were also evaluated. Petiveria alliacea leaves were extracted using three solvents: n-Hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol and evaluated at a concentration of 10%, 20% and 30%, against P. truncatus to determine its toxicity. Number of emerged P. truncatus (66.25±2.95), grain weight loss (0.00±0.00 g) and susceptibility index (3.8) were lowest on LNTP-Y and highest on ART-98-SW6 (161.75±29.54, 5.50±1.44, 5.1) respectively. ART-98-SW6 had the least percentage ash (1.11±0.01%), fat (0.06±0.01%), and highest moisture content (12.88±0.24%). The percentage carbohydrate ranged from 78.42±1.58 (SUWAN-Y) to 71.37±0.22 (BR9928). The n-hexane extract of P. alliacea had the highest mortality at a concentration of 30 % (v/v) while ethanol had lowest mortality at both 24 h and 48 h of exposure. LNTP–Y exhibited the highest resistance to P. truncatus, showing the longest developmental period, lesser grain damage together with the lowest susceptibility rating. Solvent extracts of P. alliacea were active against P. truncatus with n-Hexane extract seemed to be more potent.
Keywords: Maize, Prostephanus truncatus, mortality, Petiveria alliacea, Solvent extracts, Median Developmental Time